Roaring twenties essay should be written on the basis of the truthful information and checked sources. 1920s essay should include the most prominent
According to the generally accepted opinion, in the "roaring twenties" the Americans moved away from tradition, yielding to the temptation of new ideals and unlimited tolerance. However, it should be noted that not all the society has been captured by unorthodox tendencies. There were also those who were disgusted with the excesses of "modernism" and the fear of its dangers. The second decade of the twentieth century was marked by both a movement for change and a stubborn resistance to these changes.
The First World War shook the faith of the Americans in the irreversibility of progress. Many intellectuals have adopted a more skeptical view of things. To this they were pushed by the discoveries of modern science, which testified to the unreliability of human experience, the persistent influence of the irrational principle on the human psyche, relative (rather than absolute, as previously thought) nature of the truth and the contrived (and not natural) nature of the world order. All these new ideas were reflected in the American literature of that period, imbued with the bitterness of deceived hopes and the fear of collective madness.
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The motives for hopelessness and doubts in former values clearly sounded in the works of those writers who left their homeland in order to look at American culture from outside and make up a true picture of it. Ezra Pound, TS Eliot, Ernest Hemingway, Catherine Anne Porter, John Don Passos, Edna St. Vincent Millay and others belong to the generation of postwar writers, who, with the light hand of Gertrude Stein, were called the "lost generation". Hemingway and Pound can rightfully be called revolutionaries of American literature. Critically reinterpreting the literary traditions of their predecessors, they resolutely abandoned the flamboyant, moralizing style prevailing at the end of the XIX century. Hemingway and Pound developed their own - simple and terse - manner of writing that more closely corresponded to the world around them - a world where noble ideals and the majestic order of thought have lost their significance.
If the Americans had a desire to have fun outside the house, then, as a rule, they went to the nearest cinema. There they were shown films, which in many cases bore the "dream factory" of the American film industry. And although this production was concentrated in southern California, funding came from New York. Large film studios not only produced films, but also owned a whole network of cinemas in which films were shown. One of the inventions of the film industry is the system of "stars", in the framework of which popular contractors were contracted for shooting in films specially adapted for their roles. The fees increased even more with the advent of sound cinema. The first such film "The Jazz Singer" appeared in 1927. By the end of the decade, cinema had gained unprecedented popularity in America.
However, not everyone liked the standardized production of "mass media". Passionate worship of some people was faced with rejection and condemnation of others - those who hoped to contain and even, if possible, eliminate current trends, gradually destroying the traditional system of American values.Order your paper now on our site!
Some of these critics blamed the disorder on the country for groups of "non-American" populations. Supporters of "nativism" believed that all alien mores come from alien citizens - those who do not belong to the primordial, white, rural, Protestant America. True, "hundred percent" Americans should rally to counter the foreign threat and regain the initiative in their own country. The dust of the Nazis further fueled the trial in 1920-1921 of two immigrants, Italian anarchists, Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, who were accused of murder and robbery. However, genuine passions flared up in 1928, when the candidate for Democrats Al Smith joined the struggle for the presidential post.Our company offers services of your dream!
In their struggle, the nativists, first of all, used legal means, including the legislative restriction of immigration. The law on national origin adopted in 1924 forbade the entry of immigrants from East Asia to America and significantly complicated immigration from the southern and eastern regions of Europe. For these groups quotas were established, based on the results of the census of 1890 - that is, before most Jews, Italians and Slavs came to the United States. In addition, the nativists also used illegal methods, not disdaining to resort to the help of white island robes. It was through their efforts that this movement, which experienced some decline after the 1870s, was again revived in 1915 in the southern state of Georgia. In that distant year, the famous film "The Birth of the Nation" by D.W. Griffith, praising the purity of the race and the system of age-old American values, appeared on the screens of the country. It turned out to be a very valuable ideological help for the Ku Klux Klan, who launched uniform terror not only against African Americans, but also against Jews, Catholics and immigrants in general. Contrary to traditional ideas, the movement spread widely not only in the patriarchal South, but also in the developed industrial North. In the mid-1920s, this organization already covered 4 million people.It is a prominent custom writing service! It is not known what would be the end of the matter, but the leaders of the Ku Klux Klan fairly compromised themselves, having lit up in a number of scandals of a financial and sexual nature. Alas, they were victims of the very vices that were so passionately condemned in contemporaries. After that, the organization's authority dropped noticeably, as well as the number of its members.
Campaigns for the restoration of America's past mores were accompanied by attempts to reform the society itself. In January 1920, the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution was adopted, which banned "the production, transportation and sale of intoxicating beverages" throughout the United States. This law protected the traditional foundations of Protestant, mostly rural, non-drinking residents from the cultural intrusion of immigrant drinkers, mostly citizens and Catholics, on religion. In addition, the ban was a clear continuation of the progress of the reform of the 1920s - a "noble experiment" to eradicate the consumption of harmful alcohol, both socially and economically.
In the mainstream of the general struggle against "modernist" tendencies in the 1920s, fundamentalism emerged and strengthened - the militant conservative trend of Protestantism. Denying liberal theology, his supporters declared war on the "social gospel", which tried to reconcile traditional biblical dogma with the social and economic realities of our time. Fundamentalists persistently argued that the world should obey the Holy Scripture, and not alter it for themselves. The main stumbling block was the Darwinian doctrine of evolution, which, according to fundamentalists, denied the divine origin of the world and thereby questioned the infallibility of the Bible. Some southern states forbade teaching in schools seditious doctrine. In 1925, the attention of the whole country was attracted to the trial in Tennessee, which was started by the teacher John T. Scopes. Becoming a judicial precedent "monkey process" resulted in an emotional, not always correct dispute between science and religion. In fact, he personified the tragedy of a nation that did not want to recognize modern tendencies and stubbornly clinging to the past.
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